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The human MARCH family comprises eleven members termed MARCH
2021-05-28

The human MARCH family comprises eleven members (termed MARCH-1 to 11), of which nine are transmembrane proteins. In this review, we focus on the role of the membrane-spanning MARCH proteins and how their transmembrane regions can mediate interactions with their target proteins. Therefore, the cytos
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ATP dependent DNA ligases in vertebrates
2021-05-28

ATP-dependent DNA ligases in vertebrates are divided in three families [7]. Family I DNA ligases are responsible for sealing the nicks during DNA replication and in long-patch base excision repair (BER). Family III DNA ligases are involved in short-patch BER. Lastly, family IV DNA ligases are involv
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br Introduction Diacylglycerol kinase DGK
2021-05-28

Introduction Diacylglycerol kinase (DGK) is a lipid-metabolizing enzyme that phosphorylates diacylglycerol (DG) to produce phosphatidic lp-pla2 inhibitor (PA) [[1], [2], [3], [4]]. DG and PA act as lipid second messengers in a wide variety of biological processes. Ten DGK isozymes (α, β, γ, δ, η,
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Experimentally measured DGAT activity was first reported by
2021-05-28

Experimentally measured DGAT activity was first reported by Weiss et al. (1960) and several different types of DGAT enzyme have since been described in plants [12,41,42]. As recently as 2011 there appeared to be just two DGAT enzymes both in plants and in other eukaryotes, namely DGAT1 and DGAT2 [43
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Alvocidib flavopiridol is a piperidine chromenone
2021-05-28

Alvocidib (flavopiridol) is a piperidine-chromenone derivative (Fig. 6D) that is not FDA approved, but is in clinical trials for breast, endometrial, and several other cancers and hematological malignancies (Table 4) [[100], [101], [102], [103], [104]]. This drug targets CDK9 (IC50 = 3.2 nM) and CDK
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Within the Class II receptors the Type
2021-05-28

Within the Class II receptors, the Type I IFN receptor subunit, IFNAR-1, is exceptional in having four tandem FNIII domains, denoted here D1–D4. This structure appears to have arisen as a tandem 3,4-DAA synthesis of the basic D1/D2 structure; thus, D1 and D3 of IFNAR-1 are more closely related, as
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Mouse Erythropoietin / EPO Protein The need for dedicated D
2021-05-27

The need for dedicated DAPT updates is well justified by the large amount of data and new information generated in the field over the past few years. As expected, the ACC/AHA and ESC updates contain large areas of overlap as well as some differences. Differences were largely explained by the differe
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From an industrial perspective the
2021-05-27

From an industrial perspective, the low turnover numbers and limited substrate scope of α-KG halogenases still represents a significant challenge. However, in light of the fact that currently no chemical processes are available for the selective halogenation of aliphatic carbon centers in complex mo
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It is known that cigarette smoke increases the oxidative bur
2021-05-27

It is known that cigarette smoke increases the oxidative burden in the lungs of mice with emphysema, which leads to oxidative stress [[34], [35], [36]]. However, in addition to cigarette smoke, studies have shown that endogenous oxidative stress is associated with proteolytic calcium channel blocker
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In principle in vitro techniques for assessing
2021-05-27

In principle, in vitro techniques for assessing enzyme induction might include the use of cultured hepatocytes, precision-cut liver slices, immortalized smad inhibitor lines (such as those derived from hepatomas) and reporter gene constructs (where appropriate cells are transfected with recombinant
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br Methodology To simulate chip
2021-05-27

Methodology To simulate chip flow trajectory, the force and torque acting on the chips in high pressure coolant are computed based on the control volume method [6]. During the setup, a typical gun drill chip and gun drill bit are imported into ANSYS CFX 14.0 and prescribed as stationary solids. T
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In this report we evaluate
2021-05-27

In this report, we evaluate if this molecular mechanism is used universally by high-fidelity DNA polymerases during the replication of DNA lesions that are structurally distinct from abasic sites. This was approached by quantifying the kinetic parameters for the incorporation of modified and non-nat
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br Introduction Pattern separation is the ability to make di
2021-05-27

Introduction Pattern separation is the ability to make distinct representations from highly overlapping information, a process which is important for memory encoding (Clelland et al., 2009). For correct pattern separation, old information needs to be retrieved and compared to new information. If
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Introduction The term myeloproliferative disorders
2021-05-26

Introduction The term “myeloproliferative disorders” was first proposed by William Dameshek in 1951. With the discovery of the Philadelphia chromosome, myeloproliferative disorders were classified into two groups: BCR-ABL positive chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) and BCR-ABL negative chronic myelopro
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Interaction between neutrophils and ECs represents the
2021-05-26

Interaction between neutrophils and ECs represents the first step of the cellular phase of the inflammatory response, and provide the best condition for the transfer of the PMNL-derived LTA4 to the ECs, leading to the transcellular formation of cysteinyl-LTs. It is intriguing therefore to think that
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