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Cyclin dependent kinases CDKs are serine threonine kinase
2020-08-03
Cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) are serine/threonine kinase proteins comprising of 20 members that fall under protein kinases family. These enzymes play a crucial role in cell division, transcription and post-transcriptional modification [7]. For example, the formation of an active complex composed
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The enzyme cyclooxygenase COX or prostaglandin endoperoxide
2020-08-03
The enzyme cyclooxygenase (COX) or prostaglandin endoperoxide H synthase (PGHS) is the key enzyme in the conversion of arachidonic pramiracetam (AA) into prostaglandins (PGs) [1]. In 1991, researchers found that there were two isoforms of this enzyme called COX-1 and COX-2 with independent genes an
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The TPI pyrogenic black carbon
2020-08-03
The TPI pyrogenic black carbon (TPI-BC) is made of sp2-ordered carbon nanocrystallites with lateral dimensions of La∼3–8nm (Jorio et al., 2012, Ribeiro-Soares et al., 2013). Despite a structural complexity, the TPI-BC dimensionality (La) has been investigated as a critical parameter defining the sta
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Data from immunohistochemical detection of CIC revealed that
2020-08-03
Data from immunohistochemical detection of CIC-3 revealed that the immunostaining of CIC-3 can be present both in hepatocarcinoma and its matched normal controls though; CIC-3 was, on the whole, significantly elevated in hepatocarcinoma relative to its paired normal control. In consideration of the
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EMI regulates the coupling of
2020-08-03
EMI1 regulates the coupling of mitosis and DNA replication [81]. Briefly, after Gardiquimod divide, APC/CCDH1 activity must be restrained. Although this is ultimately achieved by CDH1 phosphorylation, the required CDK activity is too low in G1 due to APC/CCDH1-dependent degradation of cyclins. Thus
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br Expression data suggest involvement of additional TRIMs
2020-08-03
Expression data suggest involvement of additional TRIMs in heart function Given the complexity of the cardiac function, involved molecular pathways and processes, and the fact that only a few of the TRIMs have thus far been shown to have a cardiac role, we hypothesized that there would be more TR
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br Abbreviations br Acknowledgements br Introduction Dopamin
2020-08-03
Abbreviations Acknowledgements Introduction Dopamine β-hydroxylase (DbH) is the enzyme catalysing the conversion of dopamine to norepinephrine, two important neurotransmitters involved in the central nervous system [1]. This enzyme has been isolated from bovine chromaffin granules as a tetr
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monensin The inoculation of tumor cells in the facial region
2020-08-03
The inoculation of tumor monensin in the facial region of rats also increases spontaneous facial grooming behavior, which is suggestive of spontaneous nociception in rodents (Akiyama, Carstens, & Carstens, 2010; Hidaka et al., 2011; Kopruszinski et al., 2018; Ono et al., 2009; Sago et al., 2012; Spr
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br Neglected tropical diseases The term NTD was
2020-07-31
Neglected tropical diseases The term NTD was coined by WHO to designate 18 conditions predominantly caused by parasites that mainly occur in developing countries. Altogether, these diseases affect approximately one billion people, particularly in Latin America, Asia and Africa (Molyneux, Savioli,
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It is important to note that CRF may be
2020-07-31
It is important to note that CRF1 may be activated during acute stress and early phases of anxiety disorders (Coric et al., 2010, Ising et al., 2007), as well the administration of Astressin 2B into the lateral septum did not have an effect on anxiety-like behavior in low-stress conditions but had a
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miRNAs are known to regulate the autophagy related
2020-07-31
miRNAs are known to regulate the autophagy-related genes and their activities. Also, miRNAs modulate autophagy at different stages such as autophagic induction, vesicle nucleation, vesicle elongation and completion, by targeting autophagy complexes via different miRNAs [[56], [57], [58]]. Recently,
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Ryuvidine Another way that cadherin switching can
2020-07-31
Another way that cadherin switching can affect cell behavior is by regulating Rho GTPases. E-cadherin-mediated cell-cell contacts rapidly activate Rac1 and Cdc42 and decrease RhoA activity [55,56]. Homophilic interactions of E-cadherin molecules results in the recruitment of Rac1 to the adhesion sit
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Any web based literature search shows how the field
2020-07-31
Any web-based literature search shows how the field is rapidly expanding. This is, not in small part, due to the “ENOR initiative” launched by Dr Iuliano and Dr Lizard in 2010 (). The European Network for Oxysterol Research (ENOR), via regular meetings and symposia, has helped moving the field forwa
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In the present study real time polymerase chain reaction als
2020-07-31
In the present study, real-time polymerase chain reaction also confirmed that gene expressions of RT1 class II, locus Bb (RT1-Bb) was up-regulated and Spi-B transcription factor (Spib) was downregulated at day 3 after the VMH lesions. These two genes work as one of immune responses. RT1-Bb controls
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All eukaryotes possess several E s ranging from about to
2020-07-31
All eukaryotes possess several E2s ranging from about 8 to 11 in certain apicomplexans and Giardia to a little over 50 in certain multicellular plants and animals (Supplementary material). Most of them, barring those in the autophagy pathway (Apg3 and Apg10), are relatively close to each other in se
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