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Defensins are one major class of antimicrobial
2019-12-04

Defensins are one major class of antimicrobial, cationic peptides that are released from dl 473 mg and imbedded in the mucus layer on mucosal surfaces [45]. They can be categorized into two major families; α- and β-defensins. In humans there are two α-defensin members, defensin 5 (HD5) and defensin
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To be a qualified non specific CYP
2019-12-04

To be a qualified non-specific CYP inhibitor used as an in vitro or in vivo screening tool to distinguish CYP involvement in the overall metabolism, a complete inhibition of the entire metabolism catalyzed by CYPs in a simple experiment is desired. Based on our results, 100 μM atipamezole can comple
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In the preclinical evaluation of CRF
2019-12-04

In the preclinical evaluation of CRF1 receptor antagonists, effects were mainly focused on the regulation of hyperactivated HPA axis and the modulation of anxiety or depressive-like behaviors in CRF challenge [16], [17], [18] or stress models [16], [19], [20]. However, it remains to be concluded wh
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Employing distinct genetic and pharmacological
2019-12-04

Employing distinct genetic and pharmacological approaches, Divakaruni et al. now demonstrate that macrophages still acquire their IL-4-elicited phenotype in the absence of CPT1a (considered the main isoform in leukocytes) or CPT2, and highlight that the increased LC-FAO in M(IL-4) cells is less cruc
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This structure guided the variation of the compounds aiming
2019-12-04

This structure guided the variation of the compounds aiming either at enhanced interaction with CK1 or to exclude interaction with CK1 (R=Me, 15). We chose the 5-cloro substituted oxoindole as backbone as it is supposed to show enhanced metabolic stability, which is commonly used in medicinal chemis
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The cholinergic system has been shown to
2019-12-04

The cholinergic system has been shown to play a role in regulation of the inflammatory response [13] as well as in the influence of the metabolism of PCa cells [14]. The reduced activity of cholinesterase (ChoE) and the consequent increased amount of Autophagy Compound Library has been shown to lea
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More recently it was discovered that BChE hydrolyzes the
2019-12-04

More recently, it was discovered that BChE hydrolyzes the neuropeptide gut hormone, ghrelin [25], [26], [27], [28]. Nonetheless, because the enzyme reaction is very slow, those who first reported this finding were initially reluctant to attribute a real physiological role for that phenomenon. Our ow
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In contrast to drospirenone dydrogestrone acts rather neutra
2019-12-04

In (±)-Bay K 8644 to drospirenone dydrogestrone acts rather neutral at the aldosterone-, glucocorticoid- and androgen-receptor [12]. This indicates that the assessment of a ‘net-overall effect’ on the vascular system is very difficult based on the often discussed ‘partial effects’ of the progestoge
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Introduction Breast cancer is a highly prevalent malignancy
2019-12-04

Introduction Breast cancer is a highly prevalent malignancy. There are some recognized risk factors for breast cancer, like early menarche or late menopause, which increase the length of the exposure to hormones, as a result of a higher number of ovarian cycles [1]. Moreover, there is evidence supp
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Defactinib To our knowledge immunohistochemical analysis for
2019-12-04

To our knowledge, immunohistochemical analysis for proGRP was done in 5 cases [9], [10], [17], [18]. Takagi-Takahashi et al. reported that the tumor Defactinib were positive for proGRP in one case [9]. Yamaguchi et al. also showed that tumor cells in two patients of ES/PNET with elevated serum proGR
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Proteins that associate to PCNA are characterized by
2019-12-03

Proteins that associate to PCNA are characterized by having conserved motifs as the PCNA-interacting protein (PIP) motif [29,30], its variant PIP-like motif [31,32] or the APIM motif (Alk B homologue 2 PCNA interacting motif [33,34]); for instance, p21 contains a PIP motif [30], and DNA polymerases
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br Discussion br Conflicts of interest br Acknowledgment
2019-12-03

Discussion Conflicts of interest Acknowledgment Introduction Ewing\'s sarcoma (EWS) is a bone cancer arising mostly in children. In 1921, EWS was originally described as “diffuse endothelioma of bone” by Dr. James R. Ewing, an American pathologist [1]. In 1992, Ewing sarcoma breakpoint r
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There is an opposite opinion indicating
2019-12-03

There is an opposite opinion indicating that EphB plays a role as cancer suppressor. Batlle et al. showed that loss of EphB expression represented a critical step in CRC progression, and CRCs that lacked EphB2 expression have been correlated with more advanced tumour stage, poor differentiation, and
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br Halogenases Enzymatic C H activation leading to halogenat
2019-12-03

Halogenases Enzymatic C–H activation leading to halogenation is another emerging area in biocatalysis [55,56]. Incorporation of halogen atoms during medicinal chemistry eff ;orts is a well-established practice, presenting an effective means to control the molecule’s bioactivity and physicochemical
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Introduction Activation of epidermal growth factor receptor
2019-12-03

Introduction Activation of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) is a key factor in the progression of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). EGFR-RTKs cause proliferation, invasion, metastasis, and angiogenesis, as well as suppress apoptosis, in lung adenocarcinoma
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